B3U4课文及语言点

Unit  4

At the 1936 OlympicGames, Jesse Owens, a black athlete fromAmerica, amazed the world bywinning four gold medals, including the one for his achievement in the broadjump. Now Owens tells this story about putting differences aside for the spiritof the Games. His well-cherished friendship with the German broad jumper LuzLong bears out the Olympic spirit, which is, in Pierre de Coubertin’s words,“The important thing in the Olympic Games is not winning but taking part. Theessential thing in life is not conquering but fighting well.”

My Greatest Olympic Prize

Jesse Owens

1   Itwas the summer of 1936. The Olympic Games were being held in Berlin. Because Adolf Hitler childishlyinsisted that his performers were members of a “master race,” nationalisticfeelings were at an all-time high.

2   Iwasn’t too worried about all this. I’d trained, sweated and disciplined myself for six years, with the Games in mind. While I was going over on the boat, all Icould think about was taking home one or two of those gold medals. I had my eye especially on the running broadjump. A year before, as a sophomore at Ohio State University, I’d set the world’s recordof 26 feet 8-1/4 inches. Everyone kind of expected me to win thatOlympic event hands down.

3   I was in for a surprise. When the time came for the broad-jump trials, I wasstartled to see a tall boy hitting the pit at almost 26 feet on his practiceleaps! He turned out to be a German named Luz Long. I was told that Hitler hadkept him under wraps, evidently hoping to win the jump with him.

4   Iguessed that if Long won, it would add some new support to the Nazis’Aryan-superiority theory. After all, I am a Negro. A little hot under the collar about Hitler’s ways, I determined to go out there andreally show Der Fuhrer and his master race who was superior and who wasn’t.

5   Anangry athlete is an athlete who will make mistakes, as any coach will tell you.I was no exception. On the first of my three qualifying jumps, Ileaped from several inches beyond the take-off board for a foul. On the secondjump, I fouled even worse. “Did I come 3,000 miles for this?” I thoughtbitterly. “To foul out of the trials and make a fool of myself?”

6  Walking a few yards from the pit, I kicked disgustedly at the dirt.Suddenly I felt a hand on my shoulder. I turned to look into the friendly blueeyes of the tall German broad jumper. He had easily qualified for the finals onhis first attempt. He offered me a firm handshake.

7   “Jesse Owens, I’m Luz Long. I don’t think we’ve met.” He spoke Englishwell, though with a German twist to it.

8  “Glad to meet you,” I said. Then, trying to hide my nervousness, Iadded, “How are you?”

9   “I’mfine. The question is: How are you?”

10   “What do you mean?” I asked.

11   “Something must be eating you,” hesaid—proud the way foreigners are when they’ve mastered a bit of Americanslang. “You should be able to qualify with youreyes closed.”

12   “Believe me, I know it,” I told him—and itfelt good to say that to someone.

13   For the next few minutes we talked together.I didn’t tell Long what was “eating” me, but he seemed to understand my anger,and he took pains to reassure me. Although he’d been schooled in the Nazi youthmovement, he didn’t believe in the Aryan-supremacy business any more than Idid. We laughed over the fact that he really looked the part, though. An inchtaller than I, he had a lean, muscular frame, clear blue eyes, blond hair and astrikingly handsome, chiseled face. Finally, seeing that I had calmed downsomewhat, he pointed to the take-off board.

14   “Look,” he said. “Why don’t you draw a linea few inches in back of the board and aim at making your take-off from there?You’ll be sure not to foul, and you certainly ought to jump far enough toqualify. What does it matter if you’re not first in the trials? Tomorrow iswhat counts.”

15   Suddenly all the tension seemed to ebb outof my body as the truth of what he said hit me. Confidently, I drew a line afull foot in back of the board and proceeded to jump from there. I qualified with almosta foot to spare.

16   That night I walked over to Luz Long’s roomin the Olympic village to thank him. I knew that if it hadn’t been for him Iprobably wouldn’t be jumping in the finals the following day. We sat in hisquarters and talked for two hours—about track and field, ourselves, the worldsituation, a dozen other things.

17   When I finally got up to leave, we both knewthat a real friendship had been formed. Luz would go out to the field the nextday trying to beat me if he could. But I knewthat he wanted me to do my best—even if that meant my winning.

18   As it turned out, Luz broke his own pastrecord. In doing so, he pushed me on to a peak performance. I remember that atthe instant I landed from my final jump—the one which set the Olympic record of26 feet    5-5/16 inches—he was at myside, congratulating me. Despite the fact that Hitler glared at us from thestands not a hundred yards away, Luz shook my hand hard—and it wasn’t a fake “smile witha broken heart” sort of grip, either.

19   You can melt down all thegold medals and cups I have, and they couldn’t be a plating on the 24-caratfriendship I felt for Luz Long at that moment. I realized then, too, that Luzwas the perfect example of what Pierre de Coubertin, founder of the modernOlympic Games, must have had in mind when he said, “The important thing in theOlympic Games is not winning but taking part. The essential thing in life isnot conquering but fighting well.”

我最珍贵的奥运奖牌

杰西·欧文斯

1   那是1936年的夏天。奥林匹克运动会正在柏林举行。阿道夫·希特勒天真地坚持认为自己的运动员来自“优等民族”，这使得民族主义情绪空前高涨。

2   对这一形势我并不十分忧虑。六年来，我训练、流汗、严于律己，头脑里装的就是奥运会。我乘船渡海，所思所想的就是夺一两枚金牌回家。我尤其期待跳远项目的冠军。一年前，当我还是俄亥俄州立大学二年级学生的时候，就以26英尺8.25英寸的成绩打破了世界纪录。人人都有些许期待：我在这个奥运项目上会轻而易举地夺冠。

3   事情却令我措手不及。跳远预赛的时间到了，我看见一个高个子男孩在跳远练习时以近乎26英尺的成绩跳入沙坑，这让我震惊！原来他是德国人，叫卢兹·朗。我听说，希特勒一直将其雪藏，明显是希望他赢了跳远项目。

4   我暗自思量，卢兹·朗若赢，定会为纳粹的“雅利安人优越”理论增添新的证据。我毕竟是一个黑人。我对希特勒的做法有点恼火，决定去拼搏，让这个纳粹元首、让他的优等民族实实在在地看看孰优孰劣。

5   带着怒气的运动员会犯错，任何教练都会这样说。我不例外。三轮资格赛的第一轮，我越过跳板几英寸起跳，犯规了。第二次起跳，违规程度更严重。“我越洋三千英里，难道就为了这个结局？”我痛悔地想，“就为了在预赛犯规出局，出尽洋相吗？”

6    我离开沙坑，走了几码，憎恶地踢地上的土。突然，我感到有一只手放在我的肩头。我扭头，看到一双友善的蓝眼睛，正是那个高个子德国跳远运动员。他在第一轮预赛中已然轻松地获得决赛资格。他紧紧地握住我的手。

7   “杰西·欧文斯，我是卢兹·朗。我想，我们是初次见面。”他的英语说得很好，尽管带有德语口音。

8   “很高兴见到你，”我说。为了竭力掩饰内心的紧张，我接着说：“你好吗？”

9   “我很好。问题是：你怎么样？”

10   “你想说什么？”我问。

11   “一定有什么事儿让你心神不安，”他说，显现一副外国人掌握了一点儿美国俚语的那种得意神情。“你本来闭着眼睛也能获得决赛资格。”

12   “说真的，这一点我也知道，” 我对他说道 ——这句话对人说出来，感觉不错。

13   我们一起聊了几分钟。我没有告诉他是什么在“吞噬”我，然而他好像理解我的愤怒，就千方百计消除我的焦虑。他虽然一直在纳粹的青年运动中接受教育，却和我一样，不相信雅利安人种优越论。当然，他看起来的确很有优势，这一事实让我俩开怀大笑。他高我一英寸，身体精瘦，肌肉发达，明亮清澈的蓝眼睛，金黄的头发，棱角分明、非常英俊的面庞。最后，他看我稍稍安静下来，就用手指着起跳板。

14   “看，”他说, “为什么不在跳板后面数英寸处画一条线,尝试从那里起跳？你肯定不会犯规，而且肯定应该能跳出足以获得决赛资格的成绩。预赛不得第一名，有什么关系呢？明天才是最重要的。”

15   我领会了他话中的真谛，所有的紧张情绪仿佛突然从我身上退去。我信心百倍，在跳板后足足一英尺处画了一条线，接下来就从那里起跳。我以几乎超出一英尺的成绩获得决赛资格。

16   那天晚上，我走到卢兹·朗在奥运村的房间向他致谢。我知道，若没有他，我不可能参加第二天跳远项目的决赛。在他的住处，我们坐着谈了两个小时 —— 讨论田径、我们自己、世界形势还有许多别的事情。

17   最后，我起身告辞，此时我们都知道真正的友谊已经建立。第二天，卢兹将走上田赛场尽全力打败我。但是，我知道他希望我发挥最佳水平—— 即使这意味着将夺冠的是我。

18   卢兹最终打破了自己的历史记录。他这么做，也激励我攀登成绩的巅峰。我依然记得，在我最后一跳落地时—— 这一跳把奥运纪录推向26英尺5.31英寸 —— 他就在我身边祝贺我。尽管希特勒在距离不到100码的看台上对我们怒目而视，卢兹依然使劲地握住我的手，这一握绝非那种“伤心欲绝却强颜欢笑”的虚情假意。

19   在那一刻，我对卢兹的纯真情谊如同24克拉的宝石，即使熔化我毕生的金牌金杯，都不足以为这颗宝石镀上一层金光。我接着体会到，现代奥运的奠基人皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦当年头脑里正是孕育着卢兹这样的完美形象才说道：“奥运最重要的不是夺冠而是参与。生命最重要的不是征服而是奋力拼搏。” 

Good Usage  （Paras. 1-2）

childishlyinsisted

nationalisticfeelings

at an all-timehigh

disciplinedmyself

with the Gamesin mind

was going overon the boat

had my eyeespecially on

set the world’s record of

win that Olympicevent hands down

Good Usage （Paras. 3-4）

was in for asurprise

hitting the pitat almost 26 feet

kept him underwraps

add some newsupport to

hot under thecollar about

Good Usage （Paras. 5-6）

was no exception

qualifying jumps

foul out of thetrials

make a fool ofmyself

look into thefriendly blue eyes of

easily qualifiedfor the finals

on his firstattempt

offered me afirm handshake

Good Usage （Paras.7-12）

Something mustbe eating you.

be able toqualify with your eyes closed

Good Usage  （Paras.13-14）

took pains toreassure me

not… any morethan

laughed over thefact

looked the part

a lean, muscularframe

a strikinglyhandsome, chiseled face

What does itmatter if …?

Tomorrow is whatcounts.

Good Usage  （Paras.15-16）

the tension…ebbout of

the truth of what he said hit me

Good Usage  （Paras.17-18）

broke his own past record

pushed me on toa peak performance

a fake smile with a broken heart

Good Usage （Para. 19）

melt down all the gold medalsand cups

the 24-carat friendship I feltfor

have had …in mind

not winning but taking part

not conquering but fightingwell

Key Words and Expressions for Text  A

all-time a. being thegreatest, biggest, most, etc., ever known 前所未闻的；空前的

e.g.  1. After nearly a month of heavy rain, thewater in the lake had reached an all-time high.

2. Thepresident's popularity nationally is at an all-time low.

总统在全国的人气目前正处于历史最低点。

discipline vt. trainor develop, esp. in self-control and obedience训练；训导；管教

e.g.  1. Though (he is) very busy, he disciplineshimself to exercise at least twice a week.

2. Out on the golfcourse you must discipline yourself to let go of detailed theory.

在高尔夫球场上，你必须训练自己做到不拘泥于细枝末节的理论。

have one’s eye onsth.  infml have sth. as anaim; have a wish for sth.〖非正式〗以……为目标；想要……

e.g. 1. Jack isn’t content with his present job, so hehas his eye on a new one.

2. Mark has hiseye on the captaincy of the basketball team.

马克一心想当那支篮球队的队长。

kind of  infml in a certain way; rather;slightly 〖非正式〗有点儿；有几分；相当

e.g.  1. Iwas kind of disappointed when I found that my mailbox was still empty.

2. It waskind of strange to see him again.

再看到他有点奇怪。

win (sb./ sth.) handsdown  infml  win sb. or sth. very easily 〖非正式〗轻易取胜

e.g.  1. Yourteam is much stronger than theirs; it’s obvious that you’ll win them handsdown.

2. Ifshe's on her game, she can win the match hands down.

如果竞技状态好的话，她可以轻而易举地赢得这场比赛。

be in for be about to have (sth. unpleasant) 肯定会经历，注定要遭受（不愉快的事情）

e.g.  1. I’mafraid we’re in for a storm.

2. Whoever breaksthe school windows will be in for trouble!

无论谁打破了学校的窗子，都要受罚。

under wraps infml keptsecret from the public〖非正式〗不公开的；不对外泄漏的

e.g.  1. The documents aboutthis research project will be kept underwraps for ten years.

2. Asintroduction day approached, the dealers would keep their new cars under wraps.

样车介绍之日临近，承销商会把他们的新车严密地裹起来。

hotunder the collar angry or excited andready to argue恼怒的，气冲冲的

e.g.  1. Fredwill get hot under the collar if you play a joke on his younger sister.

2. He became hotunder the collar when he realized that he had been cheated.

当他意识到自己被骗时，不禁勃然大怒。

qualify vi.  [(for)] be of ahigh enough standard to enter a competition [常与for连用]获得参赛资格

e.g.  1. Ourteam didn’t perform well enough to qualify for the second round of thecompetition.

2. You mustqualify yourself for the post.

你必须使自己具备担任这一工作的资格。

make afool of oneself  behaveunwisely or in a silly way and lose people’s respect出丑，闹笑话

e.g.  1. Ireally made a fool of myself when I presented a bunch of roses to Judy, whosurprisingly turned round to kiss the young man behind her.

2. If you go tothe wedding in this dress, you'll make a fool of yourself.

　你要是穿这件衣服去参加婚礼，你会出丑的。

look thepart  have the appearance of being a particular kind of person看上去像某一类人

e.g. 1. He’sa very successful businessman, but he doesn’t really look the part, wearing apair of worn-out shoes and driving an old car.

2. You'd never guesshe was a security guard – he doesn't look the part at all.

你根本就猜不到他是保安，他看上去不是干这一行的。

proceedvi. [(to,with)] rather fml begin orcontinue in a course of action or set of actions [常与to或with连用]〖较正式〗着手；继续进行

e.g.  1. Angelahad a cup of tea and proceeded to tell us every detail about what had happenedto her husband during the war.

2. We're not surewhether we still want to proceed with the sale.

我们不确定是否还要继续减价促销。

CF: advance, progress, proceed, move on, go

这些动词均含“前进，行进，进展”之意。

advance   主要用于具体的人或物，也可指科学技术和运动等。

progress   指按某一既定目标前进，取得发展，目的性很明确，强调经常和稳定地前进。

proceed   侧重指继续前进。

move on   非正式用语，侧重从某一停止点向某地前进，但不表示前进的目的地。

go   最常用词，含义宽泛而不确切，依上文确定其具体意思。

congratulate vt.  [(on)]express one’s pleasure, praise, or admiration for (sb.) because of a happyevent or sth. successfully done [常与on连用]祝贺，向……道贺

e.g.  1. My friends congratulated me on having passedthe swimming test.

2. Shecongratulated him on the birth of his son.

她祝贺他喜得贵子。

CF: celebrate, congratulate

这两个动词均有“庆祝，祝贺”之意。

celebrate   通常指举行盛大隆重的仪式庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或某件事情，多暗示节日般的欢乐场面。

congratulate   指对他人祝贺为目的，希望他人幸福或走运。

despiteprep. fml in spite of; notprevented by〖正式〗不管；尽管，任凭

e.g.  1. She went on with her training despite the factthat her doctor had told her to rest.

2. Despite athorough investigation, no trace of Dr Southwell has been found.

尽管进行了彻底的调查，还是没有发现索思韦尔博士的任何踪迹。

Collocation:

despiteoneself                     不由自主地；身不由己地

e.g.  Despite herself Fran felt a ripple of appreciationfor his beauty.

弗兰不由自主地欣赏他的勃勃英姿。

CF: despite, in spite of, notwithstanding

这些前置词或前置短语都含有“虽然，尽管”之意。

despite   书面用词，指不受某事或某种原因的阻碍，语气轻于in spite of。

in spite of   在这些词中语气最强，可与despite换用，口语或书面语中均可使用。

notwithstanding   语气最弱，仅表示一种障碍的存在。

fake a.  made and intended to deceive假（装）的，冒充的，伪造的

e.g.  1. She likes to wear fake diamond necklaces andalways keeps the real ones in her safe.

2. He looked likea postman but he was really a fake one.

他看上去像个邮递员，但实际上是个骗子。

CF: fake, false

这两个形容词都含有“假的”之意。

fake   指某物不是真的。

false   指某物与真的相像，强调看上去像真的，不一定用作冒充、谎骗。

grip n.  a verytight, forceful hold紧握

e.g.  1. Don’t loosen your grip on the rope or you’llfall.

2. To improveyour tennis strokes you try using a different grip.

为了提高你网球的击球法，你试试用另一种握拍方法。

Collocation:

come / get to grips with     与……战斗

e.g.  British forces never came to grips with the enemy.

英国部队从未与敌人交过手。

get a grip    （非正式）保持（或恢复）自控能力，控制住自己

e.g.  Get a grip, guys!

冷静点，伙计们。

get / take a grip on     控制，支配

e.g.  Hypochondria began to take a grip on him.

他开始陷入莫名的忧郁之中。

in the grip of     受……的控制（或支配）

e.g.  Britainwas in the grip of a nostalgia boom.

英国笼罩着日趋浓厚的怀旧氛围。

CF: take, grasp, grab, grip, clasp, clutch, snatch, seize

这些动词均有“抓住，握紧”之意。

take    最普通用词，不带感情色彩。指用手抓、取某东西或控制某物。

grasp    指紧紧抓住、抓牢。

grab    指粗暴而急迫的抓住。

grip    语气比grasp强，指用手的最大力量紧紧抓住。

clasp    指用手紧握或用臂紧抱。

clutch    强调匆忙、紧急地抓、抓紧。

snatch    指突然抢走，侧重动作更快或更具暴力性质。

seize    指突然抓住某物，强调突然的猛烈动作。

melt down make (a metalobject) liquid by heating, esp. so as to use the metal again熔化掉(金属物)

e.g.  1. During wartime many of the city’s bronzestatues were melted down and used to make weapons.

2. A lot of scrapmetal can be melted down and used again.

大量金属碎片可以熔化进行再利用。

Text B

Key Words:

flash vt. 1. show sth. for a shorttime  闪现

e.g. She flashed a shy smileat him as he passed by.

2. make a sudden bright light with 使闪耀，使闪光

e.g. Flash your light about and see if anyone ishiding here.

用手电筒四周照照，看看是否有人藏在这里。

spin v. (span or spun, spun) turn round and round fast快速旋转

e.g. 1. We span the coin todecide who would take the only free ticket we got for the movie.

        2. Thepropeller started to spin around.

螺旋桨开始飞快地旋转起来。

consultant n.[(to)] a person who gives expertadvice to a person or organization on a particular subject

 [常与to连用]顾问

e.g.1. To improve our products, we need to employ a designconsultant.

        2. Shirley’sbrother is now a consultant heart surgeon inSweden.

雪利的兄弟现在在瑞典做心脏外科高级顾问医师。

champion n.a person who has won a competition of skill, strength, etc., esp. asporting competition（尤指体育比赛中的）冠军，优胜者

e.g. 1. If our team defeatsyours, we’ll be the champions.

        2. Sheknows that becoming world champion is going to be a long haul.

她知道要成为世界冠军需要长时间的艰苦努力。

initial a.happening at the beginning; first开始的；最初的

e.g.1. After she had overcome her initial shyness, she calmeddown and felt quite at ease.

        2. Wehope to recoup our initial investment in the first year.

我们希望我们的前期投资在第一年就能赚回来。

compete vi.[(with, against, for)] try to win sth. in competition with sb. else [常与with,against或for连用]竞争；争夺

e.g. 1. The two athletesfrom the same country are competing for the gold medal.

        2. Theseproducts are of high quality and able to compete internationally.

这些产品品质很好，在国际市场上有竞争能力。.

narrowly ad. by onlya small margin; only just 勉强地；仅仅

e.g. 1. He accidentally fellinto the lake and narrowly escaped drowning.

        2. Thecar narrowly missed a cyclist.

汽车差点儿撞上一位骑自行车的人。

confess vt.admit sth. that one feels embarrassed about 坦白；承认（尴尬的事情）

e.g. 1. I must confess thatI didn’t believe you at first.

        2. Mostpeople confess to a bad memory.

大多数人都承认记性差。

feature vt.include or show sth. as a special or important partof sth. 以……为特色，是……的特色

e.g.1. The exhibition features paintings by young femaleartists.

        2. The hour-long program featured highlightsfrom recent games.

这个时长一小时的节目重点介绍最近比赛的精彩片断。

trip vi.[(over)]catch one’s foot (in or on sth.) and lose one’s balance [常与over连用]绊倒

 e.g.1. Move the box to thecorner or someone might trip over it.

        2. Hetried to follow Jack’s footsteps in the snow and tripped on a rock.

他想要跟着杰克在雪中留下的脚印走，却让一块石头绊倒了。

barrier n.sth. that is used to prevent or control people’s movement 障碍物；关卡

e.g. 1. Show your ticket atthe barrier before you board the train.

        2. Thedemonstrators broke through heavy police barriers.

示威者们冲破了警察的重重设防。

crawl vi.move slowly with the body close to the ground, oron the hands and knees 爬行

e.g.1. The lovely baby is crawling on the carpet.

        2. Ibegan to crawl on my hands and knees towards the door.

我开始手脚并用朝门口爬去。

applause n.[U] loud praise for a performance or performer, esp. by striking the handstogether; clapping 鼓掌，掌声

e.g. 1. There was loudapplause when the famous singer appeared onto the stage.

        2. Thespeaker was received with a mixture of applause and hisses.

那演说者同时得到喝彩声和嘘声。

Expressions:

rise to one’s feet   standup 站起来

e.g.1. After telling us what to do next, the teacher rose tohis feet and left the laboratory.

           2. Rise toyour feet when the visitor comes in.

来宾进来时请大家站起来。

bring out   cause to be seen; makeclear 发挥；显示出

e.g. 1. Difficult conditionswill sometimes bring out a person’s best qualities.

        2. Iwant to bring out clearly all the issues that are involved.

我想把所涉问题都清楚地提出来。

take shape   developtowards completion 形成，成形

e.g.1. After some discussion our vacation plans were takingshape.

        2. Thenew building is beginning to take shape.

新大楼已初具规模。

cling to   beunwilling to get rid of sth., or stop doing sth. 坚持；不愿放弃

e.g. 1. He clung to the hope that his daughter would be curedeven though doctors had told him it was impossible.

        2. Itis dangerous to cling to outdated ideas and theories.

坚持过时的观点和理论是很危险的。

bring up   educateand care for (a child) 养育，教养（孩子）

e.g. 1. George was broughtup in London byhis wealthy uncle.

        2. Bringingup a handicapped child can be a long and hard road.

养育一个残疾的孩子是一项长期而艰巨的任务。

come in …   finishin the stated place in a race or competition （比赛中）获得……名次

e.g. 1. I bet that the blackhorse will come in first in the race.

2. He came in third in the hundred-meter dash.

在百米竞赛中他跑了第三名。

like crazy   infml wildlyand very actively〖非正式〗发狂似地；拼命地

e.g.1. Ben got up later than usual; he had to drive likecrazy to get to his office on time.

        2. You’llhave to work like crazy to get this finished.

你一定要拼命地把这份工作完成。

squeeze in   findtime or space for 为……挤出时间（空间）

e.g. 1. I have a tightschedule for this week; I can’t squeeze in any other activities.

        2. Therewere already ten people in the lift, but he managed to squeeze in.

电梯里已经有十个人了，但他还是挤进去了。

put in   do(work) or spend (time), esp. for a purpose（为某一目的）干（活），花费（时间）

e.g. 1. He puts in half anhour on his English studies every morning.

        2. Hisvictory was seen as payback for all the hard work he’d put in during training.

他的胜利被视为训练期间所有辛苦的回报。

fill in for   takesb.’s place 代替

 e.g. 1. The teacher was sick and Mr. Shaw filled in for her.

         2. Canyou fill in for me for a few minutes? I have to run an errand.

你能代替我几分钟吗？我必须去办点事。

in an emergency   ifthere is an emergency 在紧急情况下

e.g.1. Many people are at a loss what to do in an emergency.

        2. The police must be able to react swiftlyin an emergency.

警方在面对紧急情况时必须能迅速作出反应。

capitalize on   use toone’s advantage （为自己的利益而）利用

e.g. 1. The young mancapitalized on every chance he got to improve his oral English.

        2. Do we have the capability to capitalize on theopportunities and mitigate the threats?

我们是否能够利用机会并且减少威胁？

同位语的用法：

1. 由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构，其中前项与后项所指相同，句法功能也相同，后项是前项的同位语。

e.g.  Mr. Smith, our newteacher, is very kind to us.

我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。

*Mr. Smith是主语our newteacher的同位语，指同一人。

e.g.  Yesterday I metTom, a friend of my brother's.

昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。

*afriend of my brothers'是受词Tom的同位语，指同一人。

2. 同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开，同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开。

e.g.  He told me thathis brother John was a world-famous doctor.

他告诉我他的兄长约翰是一位世界闻名的医生。

*限制性同位语John和其同位成分his brother两者之间关系紧密，不用逗点隔开。

e.g.  Yesterday I talkedto my English teacher, Mr. James.

昨天我与我的英语老师詹姆斯先生谈过了。

*同位语Mr.James补充解释my English teacher，同位语与其同位成分之间可用逗点隔开。

3. 同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外，还可以表示部分意义。

e.g.  We Chinese peopleare brave and hardworking.

我们中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

*Chinesepeople是we的同位语。

e.g.  He is interestedin sports, especially ball games.

他喜欢运动，特别是球类运动。

*ballgames是sports的同位语。